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JavaScript

The console is part of the web browser and allows you to log messages, run JavaScript code, and see errors and warnings. 

JS Basics
Example function used to generate output to the console:
console.log("Hello Humans!");
Enclosed text in quotes:
console.log("I love free cyber training");
Quotes are not needed for numbers:
console.log(1337);
The console.log() function can be used as many times as needed:
console.log("Hello Humans!");
console.log("Take me to your leader");
JavaScript in HTML
You can add JavaScript code in an HTML document using the <script> tag:
<body>
    <script>
      console.log("JavaScript in HTML");
    </script>
</body>
Alert Box display messages with the alert() function
<body>
    <script>
      alert("I think I can learn XSS now");
    </script>
</body>
Comments
Comments are used to describe code and other information

A single-line comment starts with //
Multi-line comments start with /* and end with */ making everything in between a comment
//I wonder if I can display two messages in the same script tag
​
/* The code below
should suffice
for testing */
​
<body>
    <script>
      console.log("JavaScript in HTML");
      alert("I think I can learn XSS now");
    </script>
</body>
Logic
JavaScript uses the basic programming operators for math such as +. -, /,  *, including (, and ), for order of operations.
/* 30 days
1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds */
​
//Aproximately how many seconds are in a year?
console.log(60*60*24*30);
Increment operator ++ adds 1 to a variable
let count = 0;
count++;
console.log(count);
Decrement operator -- subtracts 1 from a variable
let score = 100;
score--;
score--;
console.log(score);
Combining Arithmetic operators with increment/decrement operators looks like the sample below:
let x = 8;
x++;
x/=3;
console.log(x); //Output should equal 3
Variables
variable names must begin with a letter, an underscore _ or a dollar sign $
variable names cannot contain spaces
variable names can only contain letters, numbers, underscores, or dollar signs.
variable names are case-sensitive, which means that, for example, Name and name variables are different
Create a variable (initialize) in JS with let or var:
let name;
name = "Martian";
OR
let name = "Martian";
let number = 1337
Note: the use of let is recommended instead of var when decalring variables
Remembering the definition of variable, remember that they can change on they fly:
let num = 7331;
num = 1337;
//num = 7;
console.log(num);
Constants
Constants must have a value when declared and they cannot change their value.
const cyberpsace = 'green';
console.log(color); color = 'blue'; //confirm this will not work
The typeof operator checks the value to its right and returns, or passes back, a string of the data type.
const unknown1 = 'foo';
console.log(typeof unknown1); // Output: string 
​
const unknown2 = 10;
console.log(typeof unknown2); // Output: number 
​
const unknown3 = true; 
console.log(typeof unknown3); // Output: boolean
Conditional (Ternary) operator
Conditional, or ternary, operators assign a value to a variable, based on some condition. This operator is frequently used as an alternative to an if else statement.
This is what the syntax would look like:
variable = (condition) ? value1: value2
It takes three operands: a condition followed by a question mark ?, then an expression to execute if the condition is true followed by a colon :, and finally, the expression to execute if the condition is false.
let lightyears = 42;
let allowedDistance = (lightyears < 5) ? "Too close to Earth": "Welcome to the void";
console.log(allowedDistance);
For this example below, if the total amount is equal to or above 300 it will be discounted by 15%.
let cost = 400;
cost = (cost >= 300) ? cost * 0.85 : cost;
console.log(cost);
Loops
For Loop
The for loop has the following syntax:
for (initializer; condition; final-expression) {
    // code to run
}
The initializer is a variable, which increments the number of times the loop has run.
The condition is used to stop the loop.
The final expression is run each time after the loop's code has run. It is usually used to increment the variable used in the condition. Each run of the loop is called an iteration.
Here is an example of a for loop outputting the number 1 to 10:
for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    console.log(i);
}
The loop creates a variable called i and initializes it to 1.
Then, after each iteration, it increments the i variable by 1.
The loop stops when i reaches 11, breaking the condition. 
Here is another loop in which each time the player shoots, the number of bullets should be decreased by 1.
for(let i=5; i>=0; i-=1) {
  console.log(`Bullets: ${i}`);
}
While Loop
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Field Notes - Previous
Coding/Programming
Python
Last modified 5mo ago